What is the teratogenic effect of thalidomide?
Teratogenicity is the most severe and well-known adverse effect associated with thalidomide. Babies born with malformations such as amelia, phocomelia, bone hypoplasia and absence of bones resulted from the thalidomide tragedy.
Which is the most common teratogenic effect associated with thalidomide medicine?
Although thalidomide affects most of the developing tissues and organs of the body, the damage to the limbs is striking. Indeed phocomelia, the severe reduction or loss of the proximal long bones with retention of the distal hand/foot plate remains the stereotypical image of thalidomide.
What effects does thalidomide have on a fetus?
Thalidomide can cause severe, life-threatening birth defects or death of a baby if the mother or the father is taking this medicine at the time of conception or during pregnancy. Even one dose of thalidomide can cause major birth defects of the baby’s arms and legs, bones, ears, eyes, face, and heart.
What is the most common effect of teratogens?
Teratogens may affect the embryo or fetus in a number of ways, causing physical malformations, problems in the behavioral or emotional development of the child, and decreased intellectual quotient (IQ) in the child.
What is a teratogenic effect?
Teratogens are drugs, chemicals, or even infections that can cause abnormal fetal development. There are billions of potential teratogens, but only a few agents are proven to have teratogenic effects. These effects can result in a baby being born with a birth defect.
Is chloramphenicol a teratogenic medicine?
At the evaluation of medically documented chloramphenicol treatment a higher OR was not found in any congenital abnormalities. Thus, chloramphenicol treatment during early pregnancy presents little, if any, teratogenic risk to the fetus in humans.
Which teratogenic effect is seen because of lithium?
The results of various studies including cohort, prospective, retrospective and small number case reports indicate that lithium is a “weak” teratogen in humans. The main effects attributable to lithium are, cardiac malformations and babies with increased birth weight.
Which of the following is not teratogenic?
Examples of non-teratogenic agents: spermicides, acetaminophen, prenatal vitamins, using a microwave to cook food. A non-teratogenic agent is one which does not cause birth defects.
Which of the following is considered to be a teratogenic medicine?
Teratogenic agents include infectious agents (rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicella, herpes simplex, toxoplasma, syphilis, etc.); physical agents (ionizing agents, hyperthermia); maternal health factors (diabetes, maternal PKU); environmental chemicals (organic mercury compounds, polychlorinated biphenyl or PCB, …
What is the teratogenic effect of valproic acid?
VPA has been associated with a variety of major and minor malformations, including a 20-fold increase in neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, cardiovascular abnormalities, genitourinary defects, developmental delay, endocrinological disorders, limb defects, and autism.
Which medicine may cause Ebstein Anomaly as a teratogenic effect?
Conclusions. Maternal use of lithium during the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of cardiac malformations, including Ebstein’s anomaly; the magnitude of this effect was smaller than had been previously postulated.