CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.8 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 CONCEPT OF POVERTY
2.2 CONCEPT OF OLD AGE
2.3 SOME KEY FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POVERTY IN NIGERIA
2.4 EFFECT OF POVERTY
2.5 LEVEL OF POVERTY IN NIGERIA
2.6 THE CONTRIBUTION OF CORRUPTION ON POVERTY
2.7 DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY IN NIGERIA
2.8 OLD AGE AND POVERTY IN NIGERIA
2.7 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
3.2 AREA OF STUDY
3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
3.4 RESEARCH SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
3.5 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION
3.6 VALIDITY OF THE INSTRUMENT
3.7 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
3.8 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
REFRENCE
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Accelerated population aging in developing countries has important implications for poverty and poverty reduction strategies. To the extent that later life is associated with an increased probability of experiencing poverty, population aging will, other things being equal, result in higher rates of poverty. Moreover, to the extent that older people are more likely to be exposed to prolonged and frequent poverty spells than other groups, the incidence of chronic poverty will also rise. Other things are, of course, never equal. A number of related trends in developing countries could well make matters worse as regards old age poverty. Economic adjustments brought about by globalization, changes in labor market conditions, and especially social sector reforms, have adversely affected the livelihoods of older people. Changes in household structures arising from such factors as migration, and HIV/AIDS, have undermined informal old age support. In the absence of appropriate policy interventions, old age poverty is set to become a larger problem for developing countries like Nigeria in the next few decades. Yet, our understanding of old age poverty in developing countries is in many respects deficient. Consistent and comprehensive indicators tracking old age poverty are lacking. The factors responsible for old age poverty in developing countries, and the appropriate framework of old age support, are under researched (Treas & Logue, 1986; Lloyd-Sherlock, 2000). This research argues that this is mainly because the contributions of older people are systematically undervalued, and, as a result, perceptions of later life are tinted by the presumption that older people are largely dependent on their households, communities, or the state. Undervaluing the contributions of older people marginalizes them from development thinking and policy, just as it marginalizes other groups such as women and children, and contributes to the persistence of old age poverty. Access to markets, employment, education, microfinance, and preventative health care, to take a few areas, are seldom considered in connection with older people. Tackling poverty in later life involves acknowledging the contribution older people make to sustaining their households and communities, and to the broad development process, and therefore breaking out of preconceptions of dependency. Old age is itself a complex category, difficult to define, and therefore operationalize. For individuals, the aging process is an inescapable biological reality, but it is the social construction of individual aging that generates both constraints and opportunities. From the perspective of individuals, lives seldom match the segmentation imposed by researcher’s notions of old age. Later life is a better than old age in describing the life experience of older people, and chronological age dividers in Nigeria.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
There are so many studies focusing on the welfare of older people in developing countries, people generally agree that old age poverty is a significant problem. In Nigeria most aged men and women no working with the federal government or doesn’t have rich children and have a steady income is bound to suffer. All this are happening due to the fact that the government has no plans for them, some even worked their whole life as a civil servant but won’t be able to receive their pension fund for survival. In Africa, and particularly in Nigeria employment based pension plans have not extended beyond a small proportion of the labor force, the proportion planned for the aged pensioner is not enough to cater for their needs, and is not even coming often all this are the reason why most people even at old age serve as gateman or do some menial jobs that affects their health. All this gathered together is what prompt the researcher to investigate the impact of poverty on old age.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study is to find out the impact of poverty on old age in Nigeria, specifically the study intends to:
1. Find out the causes of poverty among old people especially in rural areas
2. Analyze the impact of poverty on the old age of men and women in Nigeria
3. Find out the influence of retirement on old age poverty
1.4 Research Question
1. What are the causes of poverty among old people especially in rural areas
2. Is there any impact of poverty on the old age of men and women in Nigeria
3. What is the influence of retirement on old age poverty
1.5 Research Hypothesis
Ho: there is no impact of poverty on the old age among men and women in Nigeria
Hi: there is impact of poverty on the old age among men and women in Nigeria
1.6 Significance of the Study
This research work will serve as an eye opener for the general public and the government on the problem of poverty among aged men and women in Nigeria, this research will also serve as an avenue to know the causes of poverty among old people and the threat it poses to the future generation.
This research will also serve as a guide and other researcher and finally as a reference point for other researches on the same topic.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study will examine the effects and causes of poverty among old people in Nigeria. Related concept and literature will be reviewed in this research and this research work will be conducted in Ado-Odo Ota LGA, in Ogun State.
1.8 Delimitation of the Study
Finance for the general research work will be a challenge during the course of study. Correspondents also might not be able to complete or willing to submit the questionnaires given to them.
However, it is believed that these constraints will be worked on by making the best use of the available materials and spending more than the necessary time in the research work. Therefore, it is strongly believed that despite these constraint, its effect on this research report will be minimal, thus, making the objective and significance of the study achievable.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Poverty: a multifaceted concept, which may include social, economic, and political elements. Absolute poverty, extreme poverty, or destitution refers to the complete lack of the means necessary to meet basic personal needs such as food, clothing and shelter.
Old Age: the state of being old.
Impact: a marked influence on something or someone