THE IMPACT OF APPRENTICESHIP IN THE EXAMINATION OF
MANPOWER IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS)
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Traditional as well as in the government
scheme of nation building, apprenticeship training had been taken care of and
encouraged as an alternative source of manpower training and development in
Nigeria.
The
periods of learning (apprenticeship) differed in trade, and establishment of a
company. After an apprenticeship length of time, the apprentice is allowed to
perform some work.. this was to evaluate his skill so far he progresses. On
becoming a journeyman, the apprentices is initiated into the gild. At this time he may prefer to
own his business, join others or with his trainer’s master.
It
is established that in 1959, the union trading company (U.T.C.) established
A
motor machine school in Enugu where thirty motors mechanic apprentices enrolled
proper supervision call for a small training group because this required
careful preparation on the part of the supervision participants have to matter
the skill to extent before they can usefully proceed to the next steps in
training.
In
the recent years precisely in August (1980) the Anambra motor manufacturing
company (ANAMCO) established an apprenticeship center in Enugu. Since then
about thirty apprentices are enrolled and burned out yearly in different skills
such as;
Maintenance
fitters
Automobile
mechanics
Industrial
electricians
Automobile
electricians
Fitter
mechanics.
Anamco
is located in Emene along Enugu Abakiliki express road and immediately before
Enugu Airport. Also for the purpose of this vital research work, the
researchers information was cast on the National Directorate of Employment
(N.D.E) at their branch office at G.R.A. Enugu.
Relevant
information was gathered, among was that the directorate since 1987 nation
apprenticeship scheme (MOAS)that was running this scheme
Is
achieved by attaching apprentices in training to companies, ministries
parastatal, and professional craft men
and women on registration. Some of the apprentices are given admission into
vocational training or centers to learn a trade.
According
to a reliable source, five hundred thousand youths had benefited in the
national open apprenticeship scheme of the N.D.E.
Since
their inception in 1987 up to 1997 which four hundred thousand of these trained
manpower are now operating micro enterprises in thirty – six states of the federation and Abuja the federal capital of
Nigeria. It will be pertinent to mention that currently about thirty two
thousand unemployed youths are on training under the national open apprentice
scheme in various trainers companies nation wide who are running apprenticeship
schemes in partnership with the directorate.
Statistics
shown that the companies are five hundred in number while many are scout for
S.C.O.A. (Nigeria) united (Auto-mechanics) Leventis.
Technical
limited (general maintenance skills)
Lexmay
technical (Air conditions repair and maintenance)
Federal
Ministry of Works (General maintenance Skills)
Nigerian
Port Authority (Maintenance skills)
Nigerian
Telecommunication limited (Electrical and Electronic)
UTC
Technical (General technical service)
Viicy
Tailoring Lagos ( Sewing and fashion designing) and Julius Berger.
Other
establishment in Enugu metropolis training and consuming baked apprentices
include:
Nzube
commercials
Chioma
salon services
Kon
construction and furniture industries
Kanero
tailoring institute
Dalkan
Kanu metal technical works.
These
may be classified as small-scale business. Having discover this man power base,
the research is interested to know the impact of apprenticeship in training of
man power in Nigeria. The case of Enugu metropolis in particular is to
determine the following:
a).
How had apprenticeship scheme increase the man-power resources in Nigeria;
Enugu metropolis in particular.
b).
whether apprenticeship training has created the man-power self-sufficiency in
Nigeria especially Enugu metropolis.
c).
Whether apprenticeship training has produce that man-power requirement at the
right time- right job as well as manpower availability when needed.
d). Whether apprenticeship training has created manpower self
reliance.
e). Whether apprenticeship training has created employment
opportunities to the apprentices after graduation.
f). Whether apprenticeship training has reduce the rates of
unemployment in the society.
g). Whether apprenticeship has enhanced educational advancement of
the participant apprentices.
h). Whether apprenticeship training has improve efficiency at
performance.
i). Whether apprenticeship training has reduced waste of material
during works.
j). Whether apprenticeship training has improve work plan, work
execution, control, supervision, co-ordination and the good relationship with
office machines, money and materials on the other hand.
k). Also interested to investigate whether apprenticeship training
has increased the speed on worker at performance among others.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In setting up organization, be it a product or service oriented
industry; there must be a problem in one way or the other. Some apprentice or
some workers see it as waste of time spending years in training one thing
without knowing that it will help them in their job.
Other problems such as inadequate equipment, no good machines, that
help the apprentice learn fast, some of the equipment used is not enough for
the apprentice and find it badly to continue with the training.
Another is basic attitudes of some their colleagues. Some of them
find it difficult to teach other people forgetting that they were once like
them. They show unconcern to them especially those that knows that job very
well. Some of the apprentice colleagues shoe bad attitudes to their fellow
colleagues. Discrepancies on the job lead to apprentice frustration at the very
time that their expectations are highest. The researcher focus on the this
problems in the training of the manpower in the Enugu metropolis.
1.3
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Based on the facts that actual and potential workers ought to the
trained, retained and developed for the efficiency, effectiveness, self-
sufficiency and most importantly selt-reliance, the objective of this research
work therefore is aimed at:
1.
Determining the extent of
attainment to manpower selt-reliance through apprenticeship training schemes is
Enugu metropolis.
2.
To determine the tendency in
copying with the industrial needs, growth and aspiration in Enugu metropolis
through apprenticeship training in Enugu metropolis.
3.
Also to determine whether
apprenticeship scheme contributed in creating the employment opportunities
among the unemployment youths in Enugu metropolis.
4.
Most importantly is to determine whether there is
a decline in dependable to employment or self employment through apprenticeship
training in Enugu metropolis.
5.
Whether apprenticeship has
improve the efficiency at performance.
6.
Whether apprenticeship training
has contributed in the enhancing of the educational advancement of the journey
man which in turn has improve output, group relationship and industrial harmony
among others.
7.
Also another is to determine
whether apprenticeship training has helped to reduce waste material during
work.
8.
Whether apprenticeship training
afford the opportunities of having the trained manpower on the right job.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION AND
HYPOTHESIS
The major question the researcher seeks to find answer are as
follows:
1.
Has apprenticeship scheme
reduce the rate of unemployment in Nigeria, Enugu metropolis in particular
increased the manpower resources and requirement at the place, time and when
needed.
2.
Has apprenticeship scheme in
Nigeria reduce the rate of unemployment in Nigeria, Enugu metropolis
3.
Has apprenticeship scheme in
Nigeria, Enugu metropolis in particular create for manpower sufficiency.
4.
Has apprenticeship scheme in
Nigeria , Enugu metropolis create the chance for self employment.
5.
Has graduated and
self-employment apprentices becomes trained masters through employment and
training sources of new apprentices.
6.
Has apprenticeship scheme in
Nigeria, Enugu metropolis in particular create an enabling environment for cheap labour.
1.4
HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis will be prove in this research
HO: Apprenticeship scheme contributed to manpower sufficiency in
Enugu metropolis.
HI: Apprenticeship scheme did not contribute to manpower metropolis.
HO: Apprenticeship scheme reduce the rate unemployment in Nigeria
especially in Enugu metropolis.
HI: apprenticeship scheme does not reduce the rate of the
unemployment in Nigeria especially Enugu metropolis.O: Apprenticeship scheme
increases the manpower resources and requirement at the right place, time and
when needed in Enugu metropolis.
HI: Apprenticeship scheme does not increase the manpower at the
right place, time and when needed.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
For the impact of apprenticeship in the training of manpower to be
effective, its objective, benefits and process must be clearly understood from
a utilitarian stand prongs by all
concerned.
Therefore, if properly done, it will be used as a means to increase
output increase, profit, maintain steady production through supply of efficient
manpower, reliance and waste at production, encourage self-reliance and self
sufficiency in an organization as well as increase the welfare of staff through promotion and increase in salary and
fringe benefits.
It will prove to satisfy the curious maiden researcher into
understanding and exposing such impacts that are contributable by apprentices
in the training of manpower in Nigeria the case study of Enugu metropolis in particular. A study that may encourage
many apprentice into apprenticeship shemes.
The study will also be very useful to both students and researchers who undertake
research project on apprenticeship and other topics on human resources
management. It may serve as an information source to consumers and apprentice
aspirants.
1.6
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
In carrying out this research work; the researcher had to divide
Enugu metropolis into seven zones namely:-
Emene area.
Ogui / uwani area.
Coal camp /Akwata area.
Agbani Road / Awkunanaw area.
G.R.A. (New market area and New haven.
Independence layout.
In each of the strata small, medium or large establishment once
involved in apprenticeship and studied in relation to the impact of
apprenticeship in the training of manpower.
Also the researcher ensured that in all the seven areas the research
work must include at least one manufacturing, processing or service oriented
establishment.
This was selected to cover the Enugu metropolis. In the attempt
therefore, the seven establishment selected randomly include Anambra motor
manufacturing company at Emene. Chioma saloon services at Abakpa Nike Enugu,
Kon construction and furniture industry at Uwani, Nzube commercial at Agbani
road directorate of employment (NDE) at GRA. Dalkan kanu metal technical works
in Amaechi, Awkunanawb and Kanero tailoring institute at independence layout.
The officials of these establishments who were orally interviewed
also responded to the questionnaires presented to them.
Also there were few textbooks on apprenticeship training. As a
result, the researcher had to make use of few available to him but concentrated
on oral interview company’s bulletins and journals as well as questionnaire as
source of data.
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Apprentice:- A
learner who has agreed to work for a skilled employer for a fixed period of
time in return for bei8ng taught his master trade, art, craft or technical job.
Apprenticeship:- the period of learning a specific trade,
craft, art or technical jib as an apprentice.
Training:- the systematic process of altering the behaviour of an
employee too increase organizational goal.
Manpower:- skill acquired through training can be semi-
skilled and unskilled manpower.
Metropolis:-
the chief city of a geographical area.
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Managing industrial relations in Nigeria, Lagos, Guidian publishers
Ejiofor C.
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