CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Housing is a physical
structure used for shelter; it includes all equipment, facilities and amenities
needed for healthy living of the occupants. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory
propounded in (1976).
Decent housing is one
of the basic needs for every individual in the family and community in general.
As a pre-requisite to
the structure which may be refers to security or safety and rank second in the
physiological needs, otherwise called clothing and food in (Abraham Maslow’s
Hierarchy of needs theory 1976).
To a great extent, the
difficulties examine by housing problem becomes over whelming in recent years.
Housing is one of the paramount necessities of humanity. University it reflects
the culture, and life style of the society. In addition, housing either in unit
or multiple forms is an important component of the physical form and structure
of a community, while the human and family occupants of the house are part of
the living souls and prosperity of the society, (Wahab 1983).
Agboola (1998) described housing as a unit of
the environment having pronounced influence on the health, social behavior,
satisfaction and general welfare of he community. If reflects the cultural,
social land economics value of a society as it is the best physical and
historical evidence of civilization in a country (Agboola 1998).
The importance of
providing adequate housing in any country cannot be over emphasized. It is a
stimulant of national economy. Housing is more distinct form just shelter or
rood over one’s head.
It is for protection
form climate element like rain, sun ideal disposal of household and human
waste. There should be sufficient space for wealthy living and privacy security
of tenure of occupancy, provision and availability of space and clean drinking
water should be provided, affordability and access to place of employment, healthcare,
recreation and educational services. A housing frame work will the above
mention characteristics is regarded as an adequate housing. In addition, a
decent house can be regarded as the right of every individual. A great
proportion of the populations of the Nigeria live in sub-standard and
poor housing and in deplorable unsanitary residential environment (Aubvivis 1975).
In Nigeria, the housing
difficult particularly of low income earner have been complicated by condition
peculiar to developing countries with rapid growth, inflate real estate values,
speculative activity, influx of poor immigrants and clack of planning (Wahab 1983).
Furthermore, housing is
one of the bases of human needs; provision of houses through the creation of
mortgage is taken for granted in developing countries, especially in sub-Salinayor
(Ovuwone
1992).
All government in since
independence high lighted housing as a major priority. Unfortunately for over 50
years of its independence Nigeria is yet to develop a vibrant mortgage market
and houses continue to be provided through the tortuous traditional method of
buying land and building over since years, which could be an individual entire
lifetime. In many cases, such are left uncompleted or individual have to
deplete their entire life saving in order to build a home.
Looking at the
statistics, we see that there are tremendous opportunities in the Nigeria
Looking at the statistic; we see that there are tremendous opportunities in the
housing sector waiting to be tapped. We should note that the government alone
can not fill the gap, we should have to leverage on the resources available in
the private sector while also encouraging foreign investment. Government
(federal and the sub-natural government) should focus on providing a favourable
investment climate, infrastructure and mortgage insurance to first time home
buyers and how to middle income families. We must however note that there are
challenges to harnessing the huge potentials inherent. In Nigeria housing sector and invariably providing
affordable housing in Nigeria.
It is necessary to study the problems
associated with rural housing in because housing is of great
importance to man. Thus the study will enable us to examine more problems
associated with rural housing in , and rural areas.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem of rural
housing has become an everyday discussion in all quarters of the public and
private services of the developing countries.
This is emphasis by
Onibokun (1996 and Nubi 1991) that
the shortcoming are inadequate housing provided for people which indicate that
the number of housing provision is very low to that number of the inhabitants
available in the area.
In Igboowu services and
facilities such as electricity which is generally a problem in Nigeria has
become worse in rural areas, also absence of portable water supply and motor
able roads absence of decent building and generally in adequacy of facilities.
Likewise, in Igboowu
inadequate electricity, lack of good roads
Some question must be
raised in order to provide the answer to the problem.
1. Why has rural housing system remained
passive?
2. Why
is the socio-economic development having impact of the rural housing?
3. Is there any existing structure of
housing that caters for rural housing in ?
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of the study is
to examine the problem of rural housing in . To achieve this aim the
under listed objectives are set to be pursued.
i.
To
identify the types of houses within the study area
ii.
To
know rural housing condition.
iii.
To
examine the types of infrastructural facilities within the study area.
iv.
To
examine the problem associated with rural housing and provide and appropriate
recommendation to the problem.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The disciplinary scope of this study is to
examine the magnitude of rural housing problem in .
While the spatial scope is to cover the Igboowu
area of Ifelodun Local Government Area of Kwara State.
There are many
constraints, which limit the extent to which the research for this project
ought to have been carried out.
i.
Inadequate
information: The information collected was not enough during the research
because some of the people in the study area due to non-educated they refuse to
disclose certain information for the project work. However, we have to enlighten
and persuade them to disclose certain information which is necessary for the
success of the dissertation.
ii.
Some
of the respondents felt reluctant to give answers to some of the question
thrown to them while some were against the inspection of their compounds.
iii.
Inadequate
facilities: Because Igboowu is located with low income earner there are
inadequate infrastructural facilities and amenities.
1.5 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
Housing
being universally accepted as one of the basic needs of individuals as the
second after food that is most important and essential in human life.
The problem of rural
housing in the study area is based on the various factors that serve as
impediments to the successful implementation of housing policies and programmes
in rural area.
Housing is considered
the most important factor of rural area problem in . Adequate housing therefore
the first requirement for a new develop area in any nation.
This is because, there
are so many problems associated with rural housing development, such as water
supply, adequate and effective buildings, in the study area, there are some mud
structure of building presently which suppose not to be so.
The importance housing
delivery is stressed by Agboola (1998), who asserted tat, without a well
organized and efficient housing mechanism, the goals of rural housing
development policy will be largely in attainable.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Housing: According to Fenice (1986) he
believed that housing is a wide subject which is difficult to define all
embracing terms, he defined housing as a major human need which traditionally
is the collective responsibility of the society, thus reflects the culture and
standard of living of people and a national and constitutes historical evidence
of civilization.
Housing market: According to Olufemi
(1993) he said housing market is a mechanism for supply houses once Hartson
(1986) also defined housing market as a physical area within a local housing
units are linked up in a chain of substitution where every dwelling unit within
a local housing market can be considered as a substitute to every other unit in
term of the shape and the size.
Housing maintenance: This refers to a
calculated attempt to support, sustain or uphold a given property, it helps to
ensure that the house and the high standard facilities provided for the housing
layouy during the design do not deteriorate so as to maintain it’s aesthetic.
In order too ensure workability of housing and its facilities there is need for
maintenance.
Housing unit: A housing unit which is
also known as a dwelling unit, is a living space occupied by a household while
a household simplify means a person or group of person living together under
the same roof or in the same building or compound (Fenice, 1986).
Housing density: This refers to the
number of houses per unit space, it can also be refers to as the population of
people per unit area in the housing area. Housing density provides the
framework for monitoring the intensity of land and under utilization of space
(Olatunbosun, 1975).
Housing stock: This is number of
existing housing units within a geographical area at a particular period of
time. It is determined largely by the addition of new housing units as well as
the maintenance f the existing ones (Agboola, 1998).