ABSTRACT
Atmospheric
emission of trace gases such as carbon (iv) oxide (co4), carbon (II)
oxide (co), methane (ch4) e.t.c. associated with animal waste are
world wild problem and may contribute to a detrimental impact on the
environment in such a way that millions of people will be affected especially
poor people who live in precarious location or depend on land for sustenance
living. And this effect was determined by modeling the effect of trace gases on
the environment.
The two (2) main
approaches to this study was field work and software application. The field
work was carried out on five (5) busy days in a week which was on: Monday,
Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday at the animal dumpsite of the study
area. The field data obtained was fed into the integrated waste management
(IWM) software which determined their effect on the environment.
Compressed
field result in (PPM) from table 6 shows that carbon(IV)oxide is greatest on
day 3, carbon II oxide is greatest on day 1 and methane (ch4) remain
unchanged
The result from
table 9 shows that the field result of carbon(iv)oxide only is greater than the
simulated result, therefore carbon(IV)oxide will have effect on the global
warming of this environment. It is therefore recommended that afforestation
should be practice in this environment to reduce the effect of carbon(iv)oxide.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of
study 1
1.2 Statements of the
problems 2
1.3 Aim and
objectives 2
1.3.1Aim 2
1.3.2Objectives 3
1.4 Scope of research 3
1.5 Definition of
terms 3
1.5.1 Trace gas 3
1.5.2 Pollution 3
1.5.3 Animal waste 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 4
2.1 Carbon dioxide
emission 4
2.2 Methane emission 4
2.3 Nitrous Oxide
Emission 5
2.4 Non Point
Pollution 5
2.5 Pollution from
animal waste harms 6
2.6 Waste management
practices should be improve 6
2.7 Data sources and
Limit 7
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology 8
3.1 Description of
study area 8
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result and Discussion 9
4.1 Data Obtained
from the field 9
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and
Recommendation 18
5.1 Conclusion 18
5.2 Recommendation 18
References 19
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Atmospheric
emission of methane (CH4) associated with animal waste are worldwide
problem and may contribute to a detrimental impact on the environment.
CH4
are important green house gases that are produced anthropogenic ally but mainly
by plant, animal waste and from natural geothermal source. Other green house
gases include CO2, NH3.
‘Greenhouse’
gases are gases that have a molecular structure such that they obstruct the
radiation of heat from the earth, thus acting like the glass or membrane over a
greenhouse. The gases that are most effective at absorbing this radiated heat
are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons and sculpture
hexafluoride.
The above
‘greenhouse’ gases have differing abilities to absorb the heat radiated from
the earth and are assigned factors (their ‘global warning potential’) based on
their absorbing ability relative to that of carbon dioxide. The factors depend
on the lifetime over which the effect of the gases is assessed. A gas which is
quickly removed from the atmosphere may initially have a large effect but over
a longer period the effect will be much less important.
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Waste
products are valuable resources as fertilizer and suitable to be applied to
crops and pastures. However. When concentrated into relatively small
geographical area or applied in excessive amounts, waste can have detrimental
environmental effects. This can results in enhanced CO2, CH4
and NS0 emission to the atmosphere influencing global warming and
destruction of the ozone layer (mosier, 1998). These gases have long
atmospheric lifetimes, are consequently fairly well mixed and therefore of
global as well as local or regional importance. They represent a most serious
threat to global climate in terms of greenhouse effect and their overall
radioactive forcing from pre industrial time to date were estimated as
1.85,0.15 and 0.1.2Wm-2 respectively. Anthropogenic sources account
for 70% of the total annual release of CH4, 16% of which coming from production
of waste (IPCC, 1994). Soil microbial processes accesses account for 65% of the
total N2) source strength (5 to 5 TG year-1). These
researches measured the emission of NH3 using ToxiREA pro and modeling to
estimate emission by Gabi 6 tools.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Scientist agree that even a small
increase in the global temperature would led to significant climate and whether
changes, affecting cloud cover, precipitation, wind patterns, the frequency and
severity of storms, and the duration of season.
I.
Rising temperature would raise sea levels as well, reducing
supplies if fresh wash water as flooding occurs along coastlines world and salt
water reaches inland.
II.
Many of the world endangered species would become extinct as
raise in temperature would change their habitat.
III.
Millions of people also will be affected especially poor
people who live in precarious locations or depend on land for sustenance
living.
IV.
Certain vector bam diseases carried by animals or insects
such as malaria would become wide spread as warmer conditions expand their
range.
1.3
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
1.3.1 AIM
The aim of
the project is to model trace gas pollution from Ilorin animal waste dumpsite.
1.3.2 OBJECTIVES:
i.
Pollution locator (animal waste)
ii.
To quantity emission rate oftrace gases from
animal waste dump site in Ilorin
iii.
To understand better trace gases emission level from
pollution and its effect on global warning
iv.
To model trace gas
pollution from Ilorin animal waste dumpsite
1.4 SCOPE OF RESEARCH:
I.
To locate animal waste dumpsite in Ilorin
II.
To detect and monitor trace gases from located dumpsite
using Toxireapro gas monitor
III.
To analyze the effect of trace gases from animal dumpsite to
Ilorin environment
IV.
And to model the effect of trace gases on the environment
1.5 DEFINATION OF TERMS
1.5.1 TRACE GAS: A trace gas is a gas which makes up
less 1% by volume of the Earth’s atmosphere, and it includes all gases except
nitrogen (78.1%) and oxygen (20.9%). The most abundant trace gas at 0.934% is
argon. Water vapor also occurs in the atmosphere with highly variable abundance
1.5.2 POLLUTION: This is the process of making air,
water soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use.
1.5.3 ANIMAL WASTE: Is a material composed of excreta with
or without animal dung, collected from poultry and other animals except human.