African currencies were formed from basic objects to create a medium of exchange. It used to include shells, ingots, gold, iron, salt, livestock and many other materials and goods.
The continent is still a long way from then. This began to change in the 17th century, when the European colonial powers found their way onto the continent and introduced their own currency system in each of the countries they administered.
Today, various African countries have their unique currencies, introduced with independence in the 20th century. These currencies are used for trading inside and outside their borders.
The different African currencies have their strengths and weaknesses. The Libyan dinar, for example, has an exchange rate of less than 2 Libyan dinars to one dollar. The South African Rand is one of the most commonly traded currencies in the international foreign exchange market. Since then, the Zimbabwean dollar has died, being replaced by the US dollar, the South African rand and the Zambian kwacha in Zimbabwe.
Despite independence and sovereignty, some countries still share a specific unit of currency. There are currently eight independent countries using the West African Franc as their currency. There is also the Central African CFA franc, which is used as a unit of currency by six independent countries.
For the Central African CFA franc, the six independent countries that use it in Central Africa are Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It was introduced in 1945, the same year as its West African counterpart, to replace the French Equatorial African franc. These six countries, which are part of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa, have a combined population of over 50 million. The unit of exchange is issued by the Bank of Central African States in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Below we list all currencies of Africa with their ISO 4217 codes.
List of African currencies
| country | currency | ISO-4217 |
| A | ||
| Algeria | Algerian dinar | DZD |
| Angola | Angolan Kwanza | AOA |
| B | ||
| benin | West African CFA franc | XOF |
| Botswana | Pula | BWP |
| Burkina Faso | West African CFA franc | XOF |
| burundi | Burundi Franc | BIF |
| C | ||
| Cape Verde | Cape Verdean Escudo | CVE |
| Cameroon | Central African CFA franc | XAF |
| Central African Republic | Central African CFA franc | XAF |
| Chad | Central African CFA franc | XAF |
| Comoros | Comoros francs | KMF |
| The Democratic Republic of the Congo | Congolese franc | CDF |
| Congo | Central African CFA franc | XAF |
| Ivory Coast | West African CFA franc | XOF |
| D | ||
| Djibouti | Djibouti franc | DJF |
| E | ||
| Egypt | Egyptian pound | EGP |
| Equatorial Guinea | Central African CFA franc | XAF |
| Eritrea | Eritrean Nakfa | ERN |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopian Birr | ETB |
| G | ||
| Gabon | Central African CFA franc | XAF |
| Gambia | Gambian Dalasi | GMD |
| Ghana | Ghanaian cedi | GHS |
| Guinea | Guinean francs | GNF |
| Guinea Bissau | West African CFA franc | XOF |
| K | ||
| Kenya | Kenyan shilling | KES |
| L | ||
| Lesotho | Lesotho Loti | LSL |
| Liberia | Liberian dollar | LRD |
| Libya | Libyan dinar | LYD |
| M | ||
| Madagascar | Malagasy Ariary | MGA |
| Malawi | Malawian Kwacha | MWK |
| mali | West African CFA franc | XOF |
| Mauritania | Mauritanian Ouguiya | MRO |
| Mauritius | Mauritian rupee | MUR |
| Morocco | Moroccan dirham | FURIOUS |
| Mozambique | Mozambican metical | MZN |
| N | ||
| Namibia | Namibian Dollar | NAD |
| Niger | West African CFA franc | XOF |
| Nigeria | Nigerian naira | NGN |
| R | ||
| Rwanda | Rwandan franc | RWF |
| S | ||
| Sao Tome and Principe | Sao Tome and Principe Dobra | HOURS |
| Senegal | West African CFA franc | XOF |
| Seychelles | Seychelles rupee | SCR |
| Sierra Leone | Sierra Leonean Leone | SLL |
| Somalia | Somali shilling | SOS |
| South Africa | South African Rand | ZAR |
| South Sudan | South Sudanese pound | SSP |
| Sudan | Sudanese pound | SDG |
| Swaziland | Swazi Lilienni | SZL |
| T | ||
| Tanzania | Tanzanian shilling | TZS |
| Walk | West African CFA franc | XOF |
| Tunisia | Tunisian dinar | TND |
| u | ||
| Uganda | Ugandan shilling | UGX |
| Z | ||
| Zambia | Zambian Kwacha | ZMW |
| Zimbabwe | U.S. dollar | USD |