CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Joint United Nation Program for HIV/AIDS estimated that between 31.4 million and 35.9 million people are currently living with HIV/AID worldwide of which 4.8 million are in Asia (China;78 0,000, Thailand; 490,000 and Indonesia; 380,000), 490,000 in Latin America (Brazil; 490,000), 2.3 million in North America, Western and Central Europe, 1.3 million in USA, 53,000 in Oceania, 230,000 in Caribbean, 300,000 in Middle East and North Africa and 23.5 million in Sub-Sahara Africa (Tanzania; 1.6 million, South Africa; 5.6 million, Uganda; 1.4 million, Zambia; 970,000, Zimbabwe; 1.2 million, Kenya; 1.6 million, Ethiopia; 790,000 and Nigeria; 3.1 million). The number of AIDS-related death was reported to be 1.7 million and 2.5 million were due to new infections. Out of 14.8 million persons eligible for HIV treatment, only approximately 54% are on ARV treatment.1
In the last ten years (2001-2011) the landscape of national HIV epidemics has changed dramatically, for the better in most countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where 69% of HIV/AIDS cases live. Countries are making historic gains towards ending the AIDS epidemic: 700 000 fewer new HIV infections across the world in 2011 than in 2001.1 Nigeria with estimated population of 173, 611, 131 and growth rate of 3.2% 2,3 has a current HIV prevalence of 4.1% with about 3.2 million infected with the virus and estimated 1.6 million eligible for Anti-retroviral drugs.4 With estimated 34% of the general population accessing basic health care, the epidemic is more ravaging in the rural…..