Amongst awards, there are ‘Awards’. The Nobel Prize is technically the ‘crème de la crème’ of awards; especially with regards to contributions made to humanity. The Nobel Prize is a set of annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances. This was in line with the will of the Swedish scientist, Alfred Nobel, who established the five Nobel prizes in 1895. The prizes are in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine.
Born Akinwande
Oluwole Babatunde S̩óyinká on the born 13th July 1934, the man Wole
Soyinka needs little or no introduction. But an attempt at the basic is to
refer to him as, a Nigerian playwright, poet and essayist. Wole Soyinka made
history by becoming the First African to be awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in
Literature; the first African to be honoured in that category and the only
Nigerian so far.
Soyinka was
born into a Yoruba family in Abeokuta. He attended Government College,
University College and University of Leeds in England 1958. After studying in
Nigeria and the UK, he worked with the Royal Court Theatre in London. He went
on to write plays that were produced in both countries, in theatres and on
radio. He took an active role in Nigeria’s political history and its struggle
for independence from Great Britain. In 1965, he seized the Western Nigeria
Broadcasting Service studio and broadcast a demand for the cancellation of the
Western Nigeria Regional Elections.
The Nobel Prizes were first awarded in 1901.The prizes are
widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in the fields of
chemistry, literature, peace activism, physics, and physiology or medicine. For
the selection process, nomination forms are sent by the Nobel Committee to
about 3,000 individuals, usually in September the year before the prizes are
awarded. These individuals are generally prominent academics working in a
relevant area. Regarding the Peace Prize, inquiries are also sent to
governments, former Peace Prize laureates, and current or former members of the
Norwegian Nobel Committee. The deadline for the return of the nomination forms
is 31 January of the year of the award. The Nobel Committee nominates about 300
potential laureates from these forms and additional names. The nominees
are not publicly named, nor are they told that they are being considered for
the prize.
The Nobel
Committee then prepares a report reflecting the advice of experts in the
relevant fields. This, along with the list of preliminary candidates, is
submitted to the prize-awarding institutions. The institutions meet to
choose the laureate or laureates in each field by a majority vote. Their
decision, which cannot be appealed, is announced immediately after the
vote. A maximum of three laureates and two different works may be selected
per award. Except for the Peace Prize, which can be awarded to institutions,
the awards can only be given to individuals.
Between 1901
and 2018, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 590
times to 935 people and organisations. The Nobel Prize is an international
award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden, and based on
the fortune of Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor and entrepreneur. A person or
organisation awarded the Nobel Prize is called Nobel Laureate. The word
“laureate” refers to being signified by the laurel wreath. In ancient Greece,
laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honour.
References
Wikipedia