DESIGN
AND IMPLEMENTATION OF METEOROLOGICAL SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF UNICAL METEOROLOGICAL STATION, CALABAR CROSS RIVER STATE)
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
page i
Approval
page ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Table
of content v-viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction 1-3
1.1
Background of the problem 3-4
1.2
Statement of the problem 4
1.3
Objectives of the study 4-5
1.4
Importance of the study 5
1.5
Scope and limitation 6
1.6
Definition of terms 6-08
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0
Review of Related literature 09-13
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
System Investigation and Analysis 14
3.1
Fact Finding 14-15
3.2
Organizational charts 16-18
3.3
Input to the Current system 18-19
3.4
Processing the Current system 20
3.5
Output of the Current system 20-34
3.6
problem associate with the current system 24-25
3.7
Proposal of a New system 25
3.8
Objectives of the new system 25
3.9
Approach to the new system 25-26
3.9
Recommendation of appropriate processing mode 26-27
3.11.
Objective of the new system 27
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
System Design 28
4.1
Objective of the Design 28
4.2
System block diagram 29-32
4.3
Output design 33
4.4
Input design 33-34
4.5
Program design 34-35
4.6
Databases 35-36
4.7
Flowcharts for each module to be programmed 37-44
4.8
Data dictionary 45
4.9
Choice of Programming Language 46
CHAPER FIVE
5.0
System Implementation and Documentation 47
Documentation
47
5.1
System documentation 47-48
5.2
program documentation 48
5.3
system implementation 48
5.4
Operating system requirement 48-49
5.5
Installation of software’s 49
5.6
Training of new staff 49
5.7
Implementation details 49-50
5.8
Maintenance operation 50
CHAPTER SIX
6.0
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 51
6.1
Summary 51
6.2
Conclusion 52
6.3
Recommendation 52-53
Reference 54
Appendix
I
Appendix
II
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Meteorology
is the scientific study of the atmosphere. It includes the study of day-to-day
variations of weather conditions, the study of electrical, optical and other
physical properties of the [atmosphere and the study of the average and extreme
weather conditions over long period of time. Meteorology is the most
international of scientific activities. Its realm is the atmosphere of the entire
globe, with a practice that involves the daily cooperation of every nation on
earth
A
meteorological station is where climatic studies take place. The station
maintains a national meteorological service, takes meteorological observation
and gives notice f the observation and also extends the weather service for the
benefit of commerce and agriculture. The weather bureau operates networks of
meteorological station to collect the data require for all its meteorological
activities. The bureau prepares and distributes routine weather phenomena and
provides warnings of impending floods in addition to regular forecast of river
stages. It collects, analyzes, and publishes records of temperature, rainfall,
wind and often weather element and develops applications of climatologist for
agricultural, industrial and commercial uses. The weather bureau participates
in the world meteorological organization (WMO) to ensure the development of a
network, the standardization of observations and procedures, the exchange of
meteorological data the development of meteorology as a science.
The
significance of a meteorological station lies on the degree of efficiency
gotten from the information obtained activities which must be carefully
co-ordinate to achieve the researchers targeted goal without which the goal
will not be achieved thereby causing regrettable damages and financial losses.
Meteorological
services in most countries have developed a network of stations, which serve
two main functions:
1. To
collect data for forecasting weather.
2. To
assemble the same data over considerable periods of time in order to make
climatic recommendation for that area for these purpose, different types of
station have developed at major meteorological station.
And
particularly at airport, where staffs are available and the reed for
information and current conditions is continuous, hourly records may be made
throughout the day in order that 1recasters can build up a picture of weather
condition over a region
Design
and implementation of meteorological service system is only a project topic
intended to stress the importance of computer in the two domain of weather
observation and forecasting in a meteorological station with greater emphasis
on rainfall, temperature and relative humidity data analysis: The usage of the
computer system within a meteorological station and importance cannot be over
emphasized taking into consideration the numerous aspects of weather and
climate, the complexity of its activities. How instead of processing manually,
a computer could be introduced with defined programs that can perform
repetitive task more efficiently and faster too. Due to the similarities
between the activities and format of information obtain each year. The so -call
form at approach will be used for used for data storage, retrieval and data processing
into information. The resultant output will be used by Geographers or
Climatologists to analyze, known the appropriate level of water surplus or
deficit within the area of study and make weather or climatic recommendation
for that particular area of locality.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM
The
University of Calabar (UNICAL) Meteorological Station come into existence some
few years back after the creation of the institution of learning.
The
meteorological station not only serves students of geography and regional planning
departments, but the entire student of the university. The public too is not
left out of the enormous benefits of the institutions meteorologically reports.
Though
its operation is based on manual method of data collection and processing, they
do not change the basic character of the work involved in the manual data
processing.
In
the manual data processing, the raw data undergoes manual sorting, calculating,
summarizing and other operations. Output emerges as useful information while
the frame works within which data are processed are the same for all tasks. The
routine setup varies from task to task. Some routine will include I of the data
processing operations.
The
manual data processing is time consuming with little or no efficiency in
operation. If data was initially misplaced; correction could takes up some days
to accomplish the task, which thereby would run the speed of processing.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The
design and implementation of computer-based meteorological service system is very
necessary so as to solve the problems and set beads encountered in using the
manual system. The problems are as follows.
1.
Storing and retrieving data from record.
2.
Storing of different data (i.e. Monthly total rainfall, mean monthly temperature
and monthly mean relative humidity) as against the different discipline.
3.
Difficulty in keeping meteorological records effectively.
4.
Error of omission.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
As
most research studies are geared towards finding out ways by which automated
devices can be applied to existing systems to fish out errors and suggest
corrective measure where necessary, this study is aimed at the following:
1.
To design a computer system that will enhance speed and accuracy in the process
of meteorological services.
2.
To develop a computer package for recording and storing of data for
meteorological service.
3.
To develop a system for records as compared to the manual method of keeping and
maintaining large volumes of files.
1.4 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
This
project is designed to make the process of forecasting easy and highly
efficient. It will increase the flexibility and accuracy demanded by
meteorologists. It will bring solution to many of the problems surrounding
manual system especially in the station. It will serve as a guide for future
researchers in similar topics. In other words the purpose of this study in design
and Implementation of meteorological service system is to develop a computer
software that will handle the job and store relevant information to enhance speed
and accuracy and also to help meteorologist appreciate the impact of
computerized system in the station.
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
SCOPE:
The
scope of this study is limited to rainfall, temperature and Relative Humidity
data of uncial meteorological station calabar.
This
project will center on design and implementation of meteorological service
system.
LIMITATION:
The
author encountered certain problem in the course of carrying out the project
word. This problem includes the following:
1.
TIME CONSTRIANT: the time allocated for the study is too short that the author
found it difficult to cover a wide range.
2.
FINANCE: the high cost of transportation and browsing the web site (internet)
to get materials for this project posed a big problem to this write up.
3.
DATA COLLECTION: some of the staff in the station was reluctant in giving out
relevant information for this project work. This has gone a long way in making
this work more tedious.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.
ANALOGY COMPUTER: A computer based on the measuring of physical differences
such as electrical currents, temperature change human pulse etc.
2.
COMPUTER: An electronic device, into which data can be inputted, stored,
processed and output produce.
3
DATA: The raw material or input to data processing system like computer; facts
or information used in deciding or discussing meteorology information prepared
for or stored by a computer.
4.
DATA PROCESSING: The performing of computer operations on data to analyze it,
solve problems in the meteorological stations.
5.
FILES: A collection of related records.
6.
FORECAST: To say in advance what is expected to happen, to predict with the
help of information; A statement that predicts with the help of information.
7.
FORECASTER: A person who forecasts especially someone whose job is to forecast
the weather.
8.
HUMIDITY: the amount of water vapour contain in an air mass at a particular
time, the amount of moisture especially in the air, dampness,
9.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: the proportion of the actual amount of vapour pressure
content is saturated air of the same temperature (usually in percentage).
10.
INFORMATION: output which can be used in making decisions, facts fold, heard or
discovered about something.
11.
INPUT: The data processing functions of capturing or obtaining original data
and placing it into the data processing system.
12
METEOROLOGY: The scientific study of the earth’s atmosphere and it changes
especially for forecasting weather.
13.
METEOROLOGIST: The expert in meteorology.
14.
OUTPUT: The result obtained from processing activities.
13.
PASSWORD: this is an access code used in program files to restrict unauthorized
users from gaining access to the execution of such files.
16.
PROCESSING; The manipulation, classification, storing, summarizing, calculating
and storing input data to produce a desired output.
17.
PROGRAM; A set of instruction used to direct and control the operation of the
computer in order to solve a problem or to perform a particular task.
18.
RAINFALL; the total amount of rain that fall in a particular area in a certain
amount of time.
19.
TEMPERATURE; The degree of heat or cold in a body, or at a particular place.
20.
WEATHER; The condition of the atmosphere at a certain place and time, with
reference to temperature and the presence of rain, sunshine, wind etc.
21.
WEATHER FORECAST; A description of what the weather will probably be like for
the next day or few days especially one broadcast on radio or television.
ABSTRACT
The benefit of
being able to use managerial techniques and analytical methods coupled with the
innovative nature of the computer cannot be overemphasized.
The main purpose
of this project is to highlight the need for design and implementation of a
meteorological service.
In the course of
this work the author conducted personal interview, examined the organizations
document and observed staff at work. This project focuses on the need for easy
storage and retrieval of meteorological files so as to obtain particular
information easily and to update the data at any given time. The problems and
limitation of the manual system were identified in the course of this work. The
computerized system was designed to help in minimizing some of the problems
inherent in the manual system. The new system would reduce error, operational
difficulties, and misplacement of files and so on, thereby increasing
performance.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
page i
Approval
page ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Table
of content v-viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction 1-3
1.1
Background of the problem 3-4
1.2
Statement of the problem 4
1.3
Objectives of the study 4-5
1.4
Importance of the study 5
1.5
Scope and limitation 6
1.6
Definition of terms 6-08
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0
Review of Related literature 09-13
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
System Investigation and Analysis 14
3.1
Fact Finding 14-15
3.2
Organizational charts 16-18
3.3
Input to the Current system 18-19
3.4
Processing the Current system 20
3.5
Output of the Current system 20-34
3.6
problem associate with the current system 24-25
3.7
Proposal of a New system 25
3.8
Objectives of the new system 25
3.9
Approach to the new system 25-26
3.9
Recommendation of appropriate processing mode 26-27
3.11.
Objective of the new system 27
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
System Design 28
4.1
Objective of the Design 28
4.2
System block diagram 29-32
4.3
Output design 33
4.4
Input design 33-34
4.5
Program design 34-35
4.6
Databases 35-36
4.7
Flowcharts for each module to be programmed 37-44
4.8
Data dictionary 45
4.9
Choice of Programming Language 46
CHAPER FIVE
5.0
System Implementation and Documentation 47
Documentation
47
5.1
System documentation 47-48
5.2
program documentation 48
5.3
system implementation 48
5.4
Operating system requirement 48-49
5.5
Installation of software’s 49
5.6
Training of new staff 49
5.7
Implementation details 49-50