(a) Give three reasons why fish farming is important. [3marks]
(b) State three factors that influence the choice of a suitable site for a fish pond. [3marks]
(c) Mention two sources of each of the following feed nutrients: (i) water; (ii) proteins; (iii) carbohydrates; (vi)vitamins [8marks]
(d) Mention two ways by which roundworm infestatoin is of economic importance in livestock production. [2marks]
Explanation
(a)Reasons why fish farming is important
– Source of food for humans
– Provides fish meal for farm animals
– Provides employment
– Provides income
– Makes better use of land and water in the environment
– For medicinal purpose e.g, cod liver oil
– Source of foreign exchange
– For research activities
– For educational purposes
– For pleasure and recreation – Source of raw materials for industries e.g scales, bones
(b)Factors that influence choice of site for a fish pond
– Water supply/availability of water
– Availability of fast growing fingerlings
– Vegetation of the area
– Topography
– Soil type
– Size of pond to be constructed
– Availability of feeds/feed supplement
– Availability of labour
– Water quality
– Climate of the area
– Accessibility
(c)Sources of feed nutrients
(i) Sources of water
-Fresh fodder
– Metabolic water from oxidation of fats
– Direct intake of water
– Fruits
(ii) Sources of protein
-Groundnut cake Palm kernel cake
– Cotton seed cake
– Linseed cake Sunflower seed cake
-Milk
-Maggot
– Blood meal
– Copra seed cake/meal
-Fish meal
-Forage legumes
– Feather meal
– Meat meal
-Soya bean cake/meal
(iii) Sources of carbohydrates
-Spent grain
-Molasses
– Forage grasses
-Hay/straw
-Silage
– Wheat bran
-Rice bran
– Tubers e.g cassava, yam
-Fruits e.g plantain
-Cereals (whole grains) e.g. maize
(iv) Sources of vitamins
-Fish/cod liver oil
– Green leaves/leafy vegetables
-Fruit vegetables e.g. pepper, onion, okro
-Yellow maize
– Palm oil Carrots/root vegetables
– Bone meal
-Vitamin premix
-Milk
-Cereal grains
– Fish meal
(d)Ways by which round worm infestation is of economic importance in livestock production
– Feeds on digested food in the host
-Retards growth
– Sucks blood thus causing anaemia
– Causes respiratory problem
– Leads to indigestion of food
-Causes constipation
-Loss of weight(emaciation)
-Leads to loss of appetite or anorexia
-Causes general body weakness
-Damages organs in the body
-Cause death of host
-Cause internal haemorrhage